This is a quick method to check with using cURL that Nginx/Apache (or any other web server) compression with Nginx ngx_http_gzip_module (gzip), Nginx google/ngx_brotli (br), Apache mod_brotli (br), Apache mod_gzip (gzip) and Apache mod_deflate (deflate) is working. Only the remote server headers are needed.
Check that the Nginx/Apache Compression is Working
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Get headers
curl -s -I -H 'Accept-Encoding: br,gzip,deflate' https://www.if-not-true-then-false.com
-s option...
This is quick guide howto delete/remove/clean old kernels on Fedora 28/27/26, CentOS 7.5/6.10, Red Hat (RHEL) 7.5/6.10. I use here two kernel as example, if you want to keep other more or less, then adjust amount of installed kernels as you wish. Normally reason why you maybe want remove kernels is limited disk space, example on VPS servers and laptop. This is very easy task.
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1. Check Installed Kernels and All Kernel Packages
rpm -qa kernel\* |sort...
Quick guide, howto remove and disable YUM/DNF repo (repository). Yum/DNF command itself does not contain any way to remove the repository. YUM and DNF repo files are located in /etc/yum.repos.d/ directory.
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I use skype-stable.repo file with following content as example on this guide:
[skype-stable]
name=skype (stable)
baseurl=https://repo.skype.com/rpm/stable/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.skype.com/data/SKYPE-GPG-KEY
Remove YUM/DNF Repo...
Looking for CentOS 7 NetInstall Guide?
This step-by-step walkthrough with screenshots, howto install CentOS (The Community ENTerprise Operating System) 6.10 Linux with Network installation (NetInstall).
CentOS 6.10 is released and it brings all Red Hat (RHEL) 6.10 goodnes to all users CentOS 6 users. Have fun!
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Want just CentOS 6.10 Netinstall mirror URL?
Goto CentOS 6.10 Netinstall URL
1. Download CentOS 6.10 Net Install (NetInstall) image
Select mirror...
LAMP (Linux, Apache, MariaDB/MySQL, PHP) server is very powerful server setup behind any website or web based service. This guide is collection of Fedora/CentOS/Red Hat (RHEL), Apache, MariaDB/MySQL and PHP install guides.
Today the Internet is full of instructions, which promises a LAMP server installation with a "One-Liner", and so forth. In fact, these "One-Liner" instructions assume that, Linux is already installed and installs just AMP (Apache, MariaDB/MySQL, PHP) pakages, without any...
Nano is easy to use and lightweight command line text editor for Linux and UNIX systems. Nano text editor can use either the default settings or improve settings with customized nanorc-file. Here are some tips that can improve the usability of Nano. Changes can be made to nanorc file, either locally or to all users or options can be used as command line options.
First is good to check Nano compiled options, with command:
nano -V
Nano should be compiled with --enable-nanorc...
This is guide, howto upgrade Fedora 27 to Fedora 28 using DNF. This method works on desktop and server machines.
I have tested this method on several machines, but if you have problems, please let me know. Always remember backup, before upgrade!
1. Before Upgrade
1.1 Backup Your Data
Before doing anything, do full system backup or backup at least your important data: documents, pictures, videos, config files, log files, databases etc. This is very important step, because if...
This is guide with screenshots, howto install Fedora 28 (F28) using Live DVD or Live USB. Fedora 28 Installation can be done also with using Fedora NetInstall (Net Install) with gPXE and BFO (boot.fedoraproject.org).
1. Before Fedora 28 Installation
1.1 Download Fedora 28 Live DVD/USB Image
Download Fedora 28 here.
Select your version, Fedora 28 Workstation, (Fedora 28 Server). On this guide I use Fedora 28 Workstation 64-bit.
1.2 Burn Fedora 28 Image to DVD, Create Live USB...
Sometimes it is very useful to delete / remove Bash history partially or completely when log out. Here is my favourite methods howto log out / quit / exit Bash shell without saving Bash history.
Remove Only Current Session Bash History and Leave Older History Untouched
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1. Quit Bash Shell Without Saving History: Unset HISTFILE
unset HISTFILE && exit
2. Quit Bash Shell Without Saving History: Kill Console
kill -9 $$
Remove/Delete Bash History...
This is guide, howto upgrade Fedora 26 to Fedora 27 using DNF. This method works on desktop and server machines.
I have tested this method on several machines, but if you have problems, please let me know. Always remember backup, before upgrade!
1. Before Upgrade
1.1 Backup Your Data
Before doing anything, do full system backup or backup at least your important data: documents, pictures, videos, config files, log files, databases etc. This is very important step, because if...
This is guide with screenshots, howto install Fedora 27 (F27) using Live DVD or Live USB. Fedora 27 Installation can be done also with using Fedora NetInstall (Net Install) with gPXE and BFO (boot.fedoraproject.org).
1. Before Fedora 27 Installation
1.1 Download Fedora 27 Live DVD/USB Image
Download Fedora 27 here.
Select your version, Fedora 27 Workstation, (Fedora 27 Server). On this guide I use Fedora 27 Workstation 64-bit.
1.2 Burn Fedora 27 Image to DVD, Create Live USB...
This is quick tip, howto use Bash auto complete (autocomplete) with DNF/YUM (package names/commands) on Fedora, CentOS, Red Hat (RHEL). Dnf package manager is used on Fedora 26/25/24/23/22 and Yum package manager is used on Fedora 21/20/19/18, CentOS 7.3/6.9 and Red Hat (RHEL) 7.3/6.9.
Autocomplete feature is familiar to many who have used the Debian based Linux, like Debian and Ubuntu. For some reason, this feature is not automatically activated/installed on Red Hat -based Linux distros,...
This is quick guide howto show Linux version, howto show Linux distributin (distro) info, howto show Linux System information, kernel version and kernel information on command line.
Show Linux Version
Linux version information can be checked using the following commands:
cat /proc/version
Another way to check Linux Version information is following:
dmesg | grep "Linux version"
Example output:
Linux version 4.11.10-300.fc26.x86_64...
This is guide with screenshots, howto install Fedora 26 (F26) Server using Fedora Netinstall image. This same Fedora Netinstall method work for desktop installation too. Desktop is possible select Software Selection step.
1. Before Fedora 26 Installation
1.1 Download Fedora 26 Netinstall Image
Download Fedora 23 here.
Select Fedora 26 Netinstall image. On this guide I use server install image.
1.2 Burn Fedora 26 Image to CD/DVD, Create Live USB or use image directly and boot...
This is guide, howto upgrade Fedora 25 to Fedora 26 using DNF. This method work on desktop and server machines.
I have tested this method on several machines, but if you have problems, please let me know. Always remember backup, before upgrade!
1. Before Upgrade
1.1 Backup Your Data
Before doing anything, do full system backup or backup at least your important data: documents, pictures, videos, config files, log files, databases etc. This is very important step, because if...
This is quick tip, howto get internal IP address and external IP address on Linux Shell / Command Line. This guide also show, howto make useful Bash functions to get IP addresses quickly.
Note: All functions could be named as you wish and to make functions permanent, add functions to ~/.bashrc or /etc/bashrc. Also all awk commands should work also with gawk and nawk.
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1. Get Internal IP Address(es) on Linux Shell / Command Line
1.1 Get IP and IPv6 Address by...
By default almost all Apache installation shows sensitive server information with Apache version number, server operating system details, installed Apache modules, PHP-version and so on. Attackers can use this information when performing attacks.
Some examples howto check server information that Apache sends
Error page
Use lynx
$ lynx -head -mime_header http://www.ubuntu.com
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 2009 09:25:46 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu)...
I just wrote guide, howto install SVN (Subversion) Server on Fedora, CentOS and Red Hat (RHEL). No I decided to write more information about SVN Access Control. This guide works if you have installed Apache, Subversion (SVN) and mod_dav_svn on any Linux system, like Ubuntu, Debian, Arch, Gentoo, not only Fedora, CentOS or Red Hat (RHEL).
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Setup SVN (Subversion) Access Control with Apache and mod_authz_svn
1. Change root user
su -
## OR ##
sudo -i
2....
This is guide, howto upgrade Fedora 24 to Fedora 25 using DNF. This method work on desktop and server machines.
I have tested this method on several machines, but if you have problems, please let me know. Always remember backup, before upgrade!
1. Before Upgrade
1.1 Backup Your Data
Before doing anything, do full system backup or backup at least your important data: documents, pictures, videos, config files, log files, databases etc. This is very important step, because if...
This is guide with screenshots, howto install Fedora 21 (F21) using Live DVD or Live USB. Fedora 21 Installation can be done also with using Fedora NetInstall (Net Install) with gPXE and BFO (boot.fedoraproject.org).
Fedora 21 is "nameless" release, no code name, like Heisenbug (F20), Schrödinger's Cat (F19), Spherical Cow (F18), Beefy Miracle (F17) and Verne (F16).
1. Before Fedora 21 Installation
1.1 Download Fedora 21 Live DVD/USB Image
Download Fedora 21 here.
Select your...
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