PHP: Remove Last Character from String – substr / substr_replace / rtrim

This is a very common PHP question, how to remove last character from string in PHP? So here are three ways how to delete last character from string in PHP. Method 1 – PHP: Remove Last Character from String using substr and mb_substr substr and mb_substr commands usage substr($string, 0, -1); mb_substr($string, 0, -1); substr and mb_substr example: $string = "This is test string.."; echo $string . "\n"; // substr function echo "substr: " .
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Install SVN Server on Fedora 31/30, CentOS/RHEL 8.0/7.7

This is guide, howto install SVN (Subversion) server on Fedora 31/30/29/28, CentOS 8.0/7.7/6.10, Red Hat (RHEL) 8.0/7.7/6.10. What is SVN (Subversion)? Subversion is a free/open-source version control system. Subversion manages files and directories, and the changes made to them, over time. This allows you to recover older versions of your data, or examine the history of how your data changed. In this regard, many people think of a version control system as a sort of “time machine”.
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SVN (Subversion) Access Control with Apache and mod_authz_svn

I just wrote guide, howto install SVN (Subversion) Server on Fedora, CentOS and Red Hat (RHEL). No I decided to write more information about SVN Access Control. This guide works if you have installed Apache, Subversion (SVN) and mod_dav_svn on any Linux system, like Ubuntu, Debian, Arch, Gentoo, not only Fedora, CentOS or Red Hat (RHEL). Setup SVN (Subversion) Access Control with Apache and mod_authz_svn 1. Change root user su - ## OR ## sudo -i 2.
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Show Linux Version, Distribution (Distro), System Information

This is quick guide howto show Linux version, howto show Linux distributin (distro) info, howto show Linux System information, kernel version and kernel information on command line. Show Linux Version Linux version information can be checked using the following commands: cat /proc/version Another way to check Linux Version information is following: dmesg | grep "Linux version" Example output: Linux version 4.11.10-300.fc26.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 7.1.1 20170622 (Red Hat 7.1.1-3) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Jul 12 17:05:39 UTC 2017 Show Linux Distribution/Distro information Use lsb_release command to show Linux distribution information: lsb_release -a Example output:
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Linux Encrypt Files/Decrypt Files – GPG Interactive/Non Interactive Modes

GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG or GPG) is a free software alternative to the PGP suite of cryptographic software. This is quick guide, howto Encrypt and Decrypt files on Linux with password using GPG. This guide deals with both the interactive mode and the non interactive mode. Interactive mode is useful when the purpose is encrypt some files on the command line. Non interactive mode is useful when the purpose is encrypt files using scripts.
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Fedora 14 Install Guide (Live CD/Live USB) – Windows Dual Boot

This is Fedora 14 Install Guide with screenshots using Live CD or Live USB and Dual Booting with Windows. Fedora 14 Installation is also possible with using Fedora NetInstall (Net Install) with gPXE and BFO (boot.fedoraproject.org). Read more info about Fedora 14 features. If the aim is upgrade to Fedora 14, then check Upgrade Fedora 13 to Fedora 14 guide.

  1. Before Fedora 14 Installation 1.1 Download Fedora 14 LiveCD Image Download Fedora 14 here.
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Upgrade Fedora 13 to Fedora 14 with Preupgrade – Screenshots

This is guide, howto upgrade Fedora 13 to Fedora 14 with Preupgrade, which download needed packages from the server and then just reboot to installer and after install boot the new system. It’s important backup your important files before upgrading. Read more info about Fedora 14 features. If the aim is to update older versions of Fedora to Fedora 14, then each version have to be updated step by step:
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Zend Framework on Fedora 18/17, CentOS/Red Hat (RHEL) 6.4/5.9

This is quick guide, howto install Zend Framework (ZF) 1.12.3 on Fedora 18/17/16/15, CentOS 6.4/6.3/6.2/6.1/6/5.9 and Red Hat (RHEL) 6.4/6.3/6.2/6.1/6/5.9. This guide also works with older Fedora releases, like Fedora 13/12/11 and also with older CentOS/Red Hat RHEL 5 releases. I use Remi repository here because it’s updated more frequently than example Fedora’s own repositories. What is Zend Framework? Zend Framework is a simple, straightforward, open-source software framework for PHP 5 designed to eliminate the tedious details of coding and let you focus on the big picture.
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Fedora 14 nVidia Drivers Install Guide (disable nouveau driver)

Looking Fedora 22/21 nVidia Drivers Install Guide? This is guide, howto install nVidia proprietary drivers on Fedora 14 and disable Nouveau driver. I write this guide about two weeks ago, but I Delayed the publication of this guide, because of pyxf86config bug, which cause following livna-config-display errors on boot: *Checking for module nvidia.ko: [ OK ] Enabling the nvidia driver: Traceback (most recent call last): File “/usr/sbin/nvidia-config-display”, line 28, in import livnaConfigDisplay.
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NetBeans 7.4 on Fedora 20/19, CentOS/RHEL 6.5/5.10

NetBeans 7.4 is released and this is guide with screenshots, howto install NetBeans 7.4 on Fedora 20/19/18/17/16/15, CentOS 6.5/5.10 and Red Hat (RHEL) 6.5/5.10. What is NetBeans? The NetBeans IDE (integrated development environment) is available for Windows, Mac, Linux, and Solaris. The NetBeans project consists of an open-source IDE and an application platform that enable developers to rapidly create web, enterprise, desktop, and mobile applications using the Java platform, as well as JavaFX, PHP, JavaScript and Ajax, Ruby and Ruby on Rails, Groovy and Grails, and C/C++.
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Quit Bash Shell Without Saving Bash History (5 Methods)

Sometimes it is very useful to delete / remove Bash history partially or completely when log out. Here is my favourite methods howto log out / quit / exit Bash shell without saving Bash history. Remove Only Current Session Bash History and Leave Older History Untouched 1. Quit Bash Shell Without Saving History: Unset HISTFILE unset HISTFILE && exit 2. Quit Bash Shell Without Saving History: Kill Console kill -9 $$ Remove/Delete Bash History Completely 3.
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Linux: Get IP / IPv6 (internal/external) on Command Line/Shell

This is quick tip, howto get internal IP address and external IP address on Linux Shell / Command Line. This guide also show, howto make useful Bash functions to get IP addresses quickly. Note: All functions could be named as you wish and to make functions permanent, add functions to ~/.bashrc or /etc/bashrc. Also all awk commands should work also with gawk and nawk.

  1. Get Internal IP Address(es) on Linux Shell / Command Line 1.
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Linux: Display / Show File Contents (tabs, line breaks, non-printing characters)

I write before guide, howto create file on Linux shell / command line without text editor (with cat command) and this is guick tip howto display / show file contents (tabs, line-breaks, non-printing characters (ASCII control characters: octal 000 – 037)) and display all on Linux shell / command line. This is very useful when you want to know the entire contents of the file. Example file I use /tmp/testing.
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Howto Play .wmv Files on Fedora 16 / 15 / 14

This is quick guide, howto play .vmw (Windows Media Video) on Fedora 16, Fedora 15 and Fedora 14. Howto Play .wmv Files on Fedora 16 / 15 / 14 1. Change root user su - ## OR ## sudo -i 3. Add RPMFusion Repositories (Free and Non-Free) 32-bit and 64-bit rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm 3. Install needed packages yum install gstreamer-plugins-ugly gstreamer-ffmpeg Note: I tested this with Totem Movie Player, MPlayer and VLC
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Nautilus “Open in Terminal” on Fedora/CentOS/Red Hat (RHEL)

This is quick tip howto add “Open in Terminal” to Nautilus (Gnome File Manager) context menu on Fedora, CentOS and Red Hat (RHEL). Many Linux, Nautilus Open in Terminal feature is installed by default. For some reason on Red Hat-based Linux, this does not exists. This is very useful little feature and speed up moving to console from Nautilus.

  1. Change root user su - ## OR ## sudo -i 2.
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DNF/YUM Autocomplete (package names/commands) on Fedora/CentOS/RHEL

This is quick tip, howto use Bash auto complete (autocomplete) with DNF/YUM (package names/commands) on Fedora, CentOS, Red Hat (RHEL). Dnf package manager is used on Fedora 26/25/24/23/22 and Yum package manager is used on Fedora 21/20/19/18, CentOS 7.3/6.9 and Red Hat (RHEL) 7.3/6.9. Autocomplete feature is familiar to many who have used the Debian based Linux, like Debian and Ubuntu. For some reason, this feature is not automatically activated/installed on Red Hat -based Linux distros, like Fedora, CentOS and Red Hat (RHEL).
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Fedora 15 Lovelock Install Guide with Screenshots

This is guide with screenshots, howto install Fedora 15 Lovelock using Live CD or Live USB. Fedora 15 Installation can be done also with using Fedora NetInstall (Net Install) with gPXE and BFO (boot.fedoraproject.org). Note this installation is done on Gnome 3 fallback mode and Gnome shell looks little different. Here is also some Gnome 3 with Shell screenshots.

  1. Before Fedora 15 Installation 1.1 Download Fedora 15 LiveCD Image Download Fedora 15 here.
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Fedora 15 nVidia Drivers Install Guide (disable nouveau driver)

Looking Fedora 22/21 nVidia Drivers Install Guide? This is guide, howto install nVidia proprietary drivers on Fedora 15 and disable Nouveau driver. This guide works with GeForce 6/7/8/9/200/300 series cards and also with GeForce FX cards. Fedora 15 nVidia driver installation is not much different from previous Fedora versions. I have tested this guide with a couple computers, so let me know, if you have some problems. Install nVidia proprietary drivers on Fedora 15 and disable the nouveau driver 1.
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Upgrade to Fedora 15 from Fedora 14 with Preupgrade - Screenshots

This is guide, howto upgrade Fedora 14 to Fedora 15 with Preupgrade. Preupgrade download needed packages from the server, set up everything and then reboot to installer and after install boot the new system. It’s important backup your important files before upgrading. If the aim is to update older versions of Fedora to Fedora 15, then each version have to be upgraded step by step: Upgrade Fedora 12 to Fedora 13 with Preupgrade >>
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Install Firefox 5 on Fedora 15/14/13

New Guide, Howto Install Firefox 6 on Fedora 15/14/13/12/11 >> Mozilla Firefox 5 is released and this is guide, howto install Firefox 5 on Fedora 15, Fedora 14 and Fedora 13 using YUM. It’s important to take backups of all Firefox profiles before install, because this major version upgrade and can behave in any unpredictable way. What’s new in Firefox 5 Support for CSS animations The Do-Not-Track header preference has been moved to increase discoverability Tuned HTTP idle connection logic for increased performance Improved canvas, JavaScript, memory, and networking performance Improved standards support for HTML5, XHR, MathML, SMIL, and canvas Improved spell checking for some locales Improved desktop environment integration for Linux users Read full details from Firefox 5 release notes.
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