This is a very common PHP question, how to remove last character from string in PHP?
So here are three ways how to delete last character from string in PHP.
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Method 1 - PHP: Remove Last Character from String using substr and mb_substr
substr and mb_substr commands usage
substr($string, 0, -1);
mb_substr($string, 0, -1);
substr and mb_substr example:
$string = "This is test string..";
echo $string . "\n";
// substr function
echo "substr: " ....
This is guide howto install Nginx with PHP 7.2.12 and PHP-FPM on Fedora 29/28/27, CentOS 7.5/6.10 and Red Hat (RHEL) 7.5/6.10. PHP-FPM is easier to use and configure than FastCGI and some tests says that PHP-FPM is even much more efficient than FastCGI.
Nginx (engine x) is a robust, small and high performance http server, reverse proxy server and also mail proxy server.
PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) is an alternative PHP FastCGI implementation with some additional features useful for...
LEMP (Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP) server is extremely powerful setup behind any website or web based service. This guide is collection of Fedora/CentOS/Red Hat (RHEL), Nginx, MariaDB/MySQL and PHP (PHP-FPM) install guides.
This guide (more specifically this guide parts) try to explain in more detail LEMP (Linux, Nginx, MariaDB/MySQL, PHP (PHP-FPM)) server environment installation. This howto can be used to pre-installed Linux, and instructions can be used for various Fedora and Red Hat based...
This guide shows howto install Apache HTTP Server (httpd) with PHP 7.2.12 and following modules on Fedora 29/28/27, CentOS 7.5/6.10 and Red Hat (RHEL) 7.5/6.10 systems.
OPcache (php-opcache) - The Zend OPcache provides faster PHP execution through opcode caching and optimization.
APCu (php-pecl-apcu) - APCu userland caching
CLI (php-cli) - Command-line interface for PHP
PEAR (php-pear) - PHP Extension and Application Repository framework
PDO (php-pdo) - A database access...
This is simple function to add English ordinal number suffix after normal number. Function takes number as a parameter and returns number with suffix, like:
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th...
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This is example table of ordinal numbers 1 to 100
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th ...
LAMP (Linux, Apache, MariaDB/MySQL, PHP) server is very powerful server setup behind any website or web based service. This guide is collection of Fedora/CentOS/Red Hat (RHEL), Apache, MariaDB/MySQL and PHP install guides.
Today the Internet is full of instructions, which promises a LAMP server installation with a "One-Liner", and so forth. In fact, these "One-Liner" instructions assume that, Linux is already installed and installs just AMP (Apache, MariaDB/MySQL, PHP) pakages, without any...
Nano is easy to use and lightweight command line text editor for Linux and UNIX systems. Nano text editor can use either the default settings or improve settings with customized nanorc-file. Here are some tips that can improve the usability of Nano. Changes can be made to nanorc file, either locally or to all users or options can be used as command line options.
First is good to check Nano compiled options, with command:
nano -V
Nano should be compiled with --enable-nanorc...
By default almost all Apache installation shows sensitive server information with Apache version number, server operating system details, installed Apache modules, PHP-version and so on. Attackers can use this information when performing attacks.
Some examples howto check server information that Apache sends
Error page
Use lynx
$ lynx -head -mime_header http://www.ubuntu.com
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 2009 09:25:46 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu)...
PHP's ucfirst function is very usefull when you want to change words first letters to uppercase and other letters to lowercase. Currently on PHP does not have a multibyte (UTF-8) version of ucfirst function. So I decided write my own multibyte mb_ucfirst function.
Perhaps the multibyte version of ucfirst function is added later on PHP, so that's why is better add this function only if it does not already exist.
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<?php
if (!function_exists('mb_ucfirst'))...
This is guide, howto install latest Eclipse Mars.2 4.5.2 on Fedora, CentOS and Red Hat (RHEL). This guide should work with Fedora 24/23/22/21/20/19/18/17/16/15/14/13/12, CentOS 7.2/6.8/5.11 and Red Hat (RHEL) 7.2/6.8/5.11 and even with earlier versions. Latest working version on CentOS/RHEL 5.11 is Eclipse Luna 4.4.2.
Eclipse is a multi-language software development environment comprising an integrated development environment (IDE) and an extensible plug-in system. It is written primarily in...
I think every PHP coders have come accross Arrays and stdClass Objects (belongs to PHP Predefined Classes). Sometimes it's very useful convert Objects to Arrays and Arrays to Objects. This is easy if arrays and objects are one-dimensional, but might be little tricky if using multidimensional arrays and objects.
This post defines two ultra simple recursive function to convert multidimensional Objects to Arrays and multidimensional Arrays to Objects.
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Function to...
Simple PHP function that formats the bytes to the desired form. Possible unit options are:
Byte (B)
Kilobyte (KB)
Megabyte (MB)
Gigabyte (GB)
Terabyte (TB)
Petabyte (PB)
Exabyte (EB)
Zettabyte (ZB)
Yottabyte (YB)
Function takes three parameter: (bytes mandatory, unit optional, decimals optional)
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PHP byteFormat function for formatting bytes
<?php
function byteFormat($bytes, $unit = "", $decimals = 2) {
$units = array('B' =>...
PHP has large number of predefined constants. This HOWTO will present the seven most important, most practical and most useful PHP Magic Constants.
__FILE__ - The full path and filename of the file.
__DIR__ - The directory of the file.
__FUNCTION__ - The function name.
__CLASS__ - The class name.
__METHOD__ - The class method name.
__LINE__ - The current line number of the file.
__NAMESPACE__ - The name of the current namespace
This is example PHP script with comments,...
I was using simple function to calculate difference between two dates and timestamps until I noticed, it's not working correctly in long intervals. It's very easy to calculate difference between two timestamps in seconds, but it's much more complicated print difference in human readable format. The Internet can be found in a wide range of ways to do this thing, but as a rule they use a fixed amount of seconds for the year and the month. So if we calculate year with using 365 or 365.25 days and...
In many cases, it is really useful to know the exact time for how long a PHP script is running or how long will take PHP web page load. On the other hand it is also useful to know that how long a particular script operation or part of page load will take.
Following PHP Timing class is very simple to use, only create class and start timing and stop timing. Elapsed time function can be used also (elapsed time is calculated from script start time). Statistics can be displayed in...
PHP APC (Alternative PHP Cache / Opcode Cache) is framework that optimizes PHP intermediate code and caches data and compiled code from the PHP bytecode compiler in shared memory. APC Opcode Cache is quickly becoming the de-facto standard PHP caching mechanism.
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PHP APC installation is very easy, example with Fedora / CentOS / Red Hat (RHEL) you can check following guides to see howto install it:
Install Nginx/PHP-FPM on Fedora/CentOS/Red Hat (RHEL)
Install...
This is a PHP, PDO and SQLite3 example, which demonstrates the SQLite3 databse usage with PHP-PDO. The PHP / PDO / SQLite3 example code demonstrates following things, and their use:
Create / Connect SQLite3 databases
Use SQLite3 file and memory databases
Create tables in SQLite3 database
Use SQLite3 db different datetime formats
Insert data to SQLite3 database
PDO / SQLite3 prepared statements
Bind parameters to statement variables
Bind values to statement variables
Quote a...
Sometimes it's nice to know or even very important to know, how much your PHP script is using memory. This is a simple example of a class, which can be used to collect the PHP script memory usage information and to print all information. It's easy to reformat output, if you want to use it example on web page or command line script. Or even do another function for web pages and another for command line scripts.
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Memory Usage Information PHP Class
<?php
...
This is very easy way loop through dates (from date to date) with PHP strtotime() function. This example only echo dates, but of course this model can be used more complicated situations.
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<?php
// Set timezone
date_default_timezone_set('UTC');
// Start date
$date = '2009-12-06';
// End date
$end_date = '2020-12-31';
while (strtotime($date)
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Note: All different PHP strtotime() function syntaxes can be...
PHP Command Line Interface (CLI) has not built-in coloring for script output, like example Perl language has (perldoc.perl.org/Term/ANSIColor.html). So I decided to make own class for adding colors on PHP CLI output. This class works only Bash shells. This class is easy to use. Just create new instance of class and call getColoredString function with string and foreground color and/or background color.
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PHP Class for Coloring PHP Command Line (CLI) Scripts...
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