Oracle VirtualBox is a powerful x86 and AMD64/Intel64 virtualization product for enterprise as well as home use. VirtualBox is a general-purpose full virtualizer for x86 hardware. Targeted at server, desktop and embedded use, it is now the only professional-quality virtualization solution that is also Open Source Software.
Check video guide (older, VirtualBox 7.0.x on Fedora) using Oracle’s own dnf repo:
Oracle VirtualBox is a powerful x86 and AMD64/Intel64 virtualization product for enterprise as well as home use.
Support inttf: Buy Me a Coffee: Buy me a coffee Subscribe and follow: Follow @inttf This guide shows howto install VirtualBox 7.2 (currently 7.2.6) on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 10.x / 9.x / 8.x, CentOS Stream 10 / 9 / 8, Rocky Linux 10 / 9 / 8, and Alma Linux 10 / 9 / 8 using Oracle’s own yum/dnf repo.
Oracle VirtualBox is a powerful x86 and AMD64/Intel64 virtualization product for enterprise as well as home use.
Support inttf: Buy Me a Coffee: Buy me a coffee Subscribe and follow: Follow @inttf This guide shows howto install VirtualBox 7.2 (currently 7.2.6) on Debian 13 (Trixie) and Debian 12 (Bookworm) using Oracle’s own apt repo.
1. Install Oracle’s VirtualBox 7.2.6 on Debian 13 / 12 (Oracle repo) This guide works with UEFI Secure Boot disabled or enabled. If you keep Secure Boot enabled, follow this step-by-step module signing guide:
This guide explains howto install Google Chrome Web browser on Fedora 43/42, CentOS Stream, Red Hat (RHEL), Rocky Linux, and Alma Linux versions 10.1, 9.7, and 8.10. Best way to install and keep up-to-date with Google Chrome browser is use Google’s own YUM/DNF repository.
Check video guide, howto install Google Chrome on Fedora 43/42:
Memcached is a high-performance, distributed memory object caching system, generic in nature, but originally intended for use in speeding up dynamic web applications by alleviating database load. Memcached is a very useful also in other cases, than only dynamic web applications.
This guide explains howto install Memcached 1.6.32 stable version of distributed memory object caching system on Fedora 41/40/39, CentOS Stream / Red Hat (RHEL) 9/8, Rocky Linux 9.5. Fedora 41/40/39, CentOS Stream 9/8, Red Hat (RHEL) 9/8, Rocky Linux 9.5 has Memcached on default repos, so extra repositories is not needed.
This is quick guide howto install and configure miracle-wm.
miracle-wm is a Wayland compositor based on Mir. It features a tiling window manager at its core, very much in the style of i3 and sway. The intention is to build a compositor that is flashier and more feature-rich than either of those compositors, like swayfx.
Check video guide, howto install and configure miracle-wm on Fedora 41/40:
Check video guide, howto install and configure Terminus Console Font on Fedora: Support inttf: Buy Me a Coffee: Buy me a coffee Subscribe and follow: Follow @inttf This is quick guide howto install Terminus Terminal / Consele font.
This is guide, howto upgrade Fedora 39 to Fedora 40 using DNF. This method works on desktop and server machines. You can also upgrade older Fedora installations (example Fedora 38/37/36) directly to Fedora 40.
I have tested this method on several machines, but if you have problems, please let me know. Always remember backup, before upgrade!
Check video version of guide, howto upgrade to Fedora 40:
This video shows howto upgrade NVIDIA drivers and upgrade whole system. If you are not using manually installed NVIDIA drivers, then you can skip all “NVIDIA USERS:” part on video.
Sometimes it is convenient and necessary to deal with Microsoft Word doc documents directly on Linux command line. MS Word documents handling directly from the Linux command line is possible with Antiword program. Anti-Word is a small, easy to use and lightweight command line program that can convert Microsoft Word documents to PDF, PostScript, and XML.
For example, the following situations Antiword is a very useful tool:
MS Word document can be read from a remote server easily and quickly. Several MS Word documents, texts need to be combined into a single text file. Several MS Word documents have to find some lines of text. MS Word document must be converted to PDF format. Anti Word usage Basic usage, reading Microsoft Word document on console: antiword microsoft_word.doc MS Word document into a text file: antiword microsoft_word.doc > text_file.txt Converting MS Word document to PDF: antiword -a a4 microsoft_word.doc > pdf_file.pdf Note: a4 mean paper size like: a4, letter or legal
Nano is easy to use and lightweight command line text editor for Linux and UNIX systems. Nano text editor can use either the default settings or improve settings with customized nanorc-file. Here are some tips that can improve the usability of Nano. Changes can be made to nanorc file, either locally or to all users or options can be used as command line options.
First is good to check Nano compiled options, with command:
Sometimes it feels that many of the excellent and convenient command-line tools is forgotten, when they are replaced by graphical tools. A good example is the cal program, which is a command-line calendar to Linux and UNIX. It displays a simple calendar in text format.
Cal usage Displays current month calendar on console cal Output:
October 2009 Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Displays selected month and year calendar on console cal 11 2012 Output:
Sometimes you maybe have to handle files with a dash (-) as first character from Linux command line. It can be difficult, because the script “thinks” the marks after the dash are parameters.
So files which name begins with dash (-) can not be dealt with directly by typing the command and the file name, such as the following:
less -file-with-a-dash-as-first-character Files which name begins with dash (-) can be used as follows:
Today I started thinking that how cool is do some Google searches straight from command line. First I try to find some ready tricks from the Internet, but I couldn’t find quickly anything good. So I decide do a simple Bash function that can take Google search as parameter and open Firefox Browser (tab) with Google search. Sounds easy… :)
First we need Google search URL without search parameter and it looks like this:
Here is easy way add date and time to Linux terminal title. This trick works at least following terminals Gnome Terminal, xterm, urxvt, rxvt.
Simply type the following command line:
while sleep 1 ; do echo -ne '\033]2;'`date`'\007'; done &
Looking Fedora 22/21 nVidia Drivers Install Guide?
I’ve tried this method in few Fedora 12 and Fedora 13 machine, and looks like it is working. Nouveau has been enabled by default starting from Fedora 11 and looks like nouveau cause some problems on Fedora 12 and Fedora 13, when try to use nVidia proprietary driver.
Note: nVidia proprietary drivers on Fedora 12 and Fedora 13 does not support older cards than GeForce 6 cards (except for some exceptions, check this comment).
As Part 1 (Howto create PostgreSQL table partitioning) shows, making of PostgreSQL partitioning needs a lot of SQL commands. So this Part 2 explains how SQL commands for PostgreSQL partitioning can be made with a simple PHP script. This example script make SQL for child tables, indexes, trigger function and parent table trigger. This example script can make PostgreSQL table partitioning with using Date ranges. Script can be configured with following configuration section:
Sometimes we need to delete files which content should disappear absolutely, completely and safely. Linux command rm just remove file and it’s still possible to dig out from the disk. Fortunately for Linux can be found in shred program that removes the files permanently. Shred command is easy and quickly to use cases when files need to deleted forever.
Shred command usage Create test file: echo "testing testing" > /tmp/test.txt Delete file with shred command: shred -v -n 25 -u -z /tmp/test.txt Output:
Few days ago I write about shred, which work fine for old systems, like EXT2, but not so nice with journaled file systems. Modern file systems need something more robust, like dd and srm (a secure replacement for rm). Unlike the standard rm, srm overwrites and rename the files before unlinking them. This makes it very hard to recovery of the data.
Create test file: echo "secure content" > /tmp/secure.txt dd and srm command usage Fill free space with zeroes (Use very carefully): dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/secure.txt Write buffered data from the memory out to disk sync Delete file with srm: # Basic example srm /tmp/secure.txt # US Dod compliant 7-pass overwrite. srm -D /tmp/secure.txt # US DoE compliant 3-pass overwrite. # Twice with a random pattern, finally with the bytes "DoE". # See http://cio.energy.gov/CS-11_Clearing_and_Media_Sanitization_Guidance.pdf for details. srm -E /tmp/secure.txt # OpenBSD compatible rm. Files are overwritten three times, first with the byte pattern # 0xff, then 0x00, and then 0xff again, before they are deleted. # Files with multiple links will be unlinked but not overwritten. srm -P /tmp/secure.txt Delete directory: srm -r /tmp/secure-directory Write buffered data from the memory out to disk sync Conclusion of commands # Create echo "secure content" > /tmp/secure.txt # Remove dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/secure.txt sync srm -D /tmp/secure.txt sync More info about options with commands:
PHP Command Line Interface (CLI) has not built-in coloring for script output, like example Perl language has (perldoc.perl.org/Term/ANSIColor.html). So I decided to make own class for adding colors on PHP CLI output. This class works only Bash shells. This class is easy to use. Just create new instance of class and call getColoredString function with string and foreground color and/or background color.
PHP Class for Coloring PHP Command Line (CLI) Scripts Output <?php class Colors { private $foreground_colors = array(); private $background_colors = array(); public function __construct() { // Set up shell colors $this->foreground_colors['black'] = '0;30'; $this->foreground_colors['dark_gray'] = '1;30'; $this->foreground_colors['blue'] = '0;34'; $this->foreground_colors['light_blue'] = '1;34'; $this->foreground_colors['green'] = '0;32'; $this->foreground_colors['light_green'] = '1;32'; $this->foreground_colors['cyan'] = '0;36'; $this->foreground_colors['light_cyan'] = '1;36'; $this->foreground_colors['red'] = '0;31'; $this->foreground_colors['light_red'] = '1;31'; $this->foreground_colors['purple'] = '0;35'; $this->foreground_colors['light_purple'] = '1;35'; $this->foreground_colors['brown'] = '0;33'; $this->foreground_colors['yellow'] = '1;33'; $this->foreground_colors['light_gray'] = '0;37'; $this->foreground_colors['white'] = '1;37'; $this->background_colors['black'] = '40'; $this->background_colors['red'] = '41'; $this->background_colors['green'] = '42'; $this->background_colors['yellow'] = '43'; $this->background_colors['blue'] = '44'; $this->background_colors['magenta'] = '45'; $this->background_colors['cyan'] = '46'; $this->background_colors['light_gray'] = '47'; } // Returns colored string public function getColoredString($string, $foreground_color = null, $background_color = null) { $colored_string = ""; // Check if given foreground color found if (isset($this->foreground_colors[$foreground_color])) { $colored_string .= "\033[" . $this->foreground_colors[$foreground_color] . "m"; } // Check if given background color found if (isset($this->background_colors[$background_color])) { $colored_string .= "\033[" . $this->background_colors[$background_color] . "m"; } // Add string and end coloring $colored_string .= $string . "\033[0m"; return $colored_string; } // Returns all foreground color names public function getForegroundColors() { return array_keys($this->foreground_colors); } // Returns all background color names public function getBackgroundColors() { return array_keys($this->background_colors); } } Colors class basic usage examples <?php // Create new Colors class $colors = new Colors(); // Test some basic printing with Colors class echo $colors->getColoredString("Testing Colors class, this is purple string on yellow background.", "purple", "yellow") . "\n"; echo $colors->getColoredString("Testing Colors class, this is blue string on light gray background.", "blue", "light_gray") . "\n"; echo $colors->getColoredString("Testing Colors class, this is red string on black background.", "red", "black") . "\n"; echo $colors->getColoredString("Testing Colors class, this is cyan string on green background.", "cyan", "green") . "\n"; echo $colors->getColoredString("Testing Colors class, this is cyan string on default background.", "cyan") . "\n"; echo $colors->getColoredString("Testing Colors class, this is default string on cyan background.", null, "cyan") . "\n"; Output:
